Ecological Footprint Assessment of Concrete: Partial Replacement of Cement by Water Treatment Sludge and Stone Dust

Currently, most concrete industries use conventional cement (Ordinary Portland Cement) as a binding material which involves natural resource depletion, colossal CO2 emissions, and huge energy supply. The present study addresses this critical issue by using stone dust (sun-dried calcinated) water treatment sludge to replace partly in M20-grade production. environmental impact of ready-mixed (RMC) production with partially replaced other cementitious material, i.e., concrete, is assessed through ecological footprint (EF) indicator. Moreover, novel sustainability index proposed for plants scale the different types (or grades) on (environmental, social, economic sustainability). results showed that sun-dried could effectively (15% weight) comparable compressive strength over M20 concrete. EF RMC estimated be 0.02295 gha/m3. (with sludge) reduced 13.14% Ecological Sustainability Index (ESI) plant 718.42 $/gha. Using can an innovative solution because it simultaneously solves problem waste disposal, large carbon cost, high impact.